the Conclusion of the enterprises

The conclusion of the enterprises polluting atmospheric air concerns number planirovochnyh actions, for limits of settlements, improvement of a lay-out of streets and the organisation of automobile movement also. Thus it is necessary to take measures on expansion of the basic automobile highways as in wide streets with good airing smaller concentration oksida carbon (II) and hydrocarbons, than in narrow streets are defined.

Here the great value has also quality of the control over the maintenance oksida carbon (II) in exhaust gases on

Servicing deports (the linear control) gassed condition degree. An important role plays and

The device of tunnels and underground transitions in the most brisk streets.

An air pollution Estimation make by results of definition of the basic components of exhaust gases (oksidy carbon (II), nitrogen (IV), hydrocarbons, formaldehyde, benzpiren, soot, lead connections) and products of their photochemical transformation.

Perfection of technology of productions which allows to reduce essentially concerns technological actions, and sometimes and completely to liquidate harmful emissions. The effective utilisation of natural resources is thus reached more and expenses on creation of treatment facilities are cut down. Technics and the "know-how" should be estimated from the point of view of influence on environment. Changing the "know-how", it is necessary to create such processes which or at all do not give a waste, or work on the closed cycle at which all formed production wastes completely are processed or used at the subsequent stages.

Great value rationalisation of burning of coal (pyleugolnoe has burning), the device of high chimneys (dispersion of emissions in air), reduction zolnosti fuel (removal from fuel of its mineral part, sulfuric kolchedana) etc.

Radical technological action is transfer of the enterprises into gaseous fuel at which the quantity of harmful emissions in atmosphere is considerably reduced, mainly soot.

Considerable decrease in a dust in atmospheric air of cities is promoted by development of their central heating at which fuel burning concentrates on large objects that allows to improve clearing of emissions in atmosphere.

Sanitary-engineering actions provide zolo - and pyleulavlivanie by means of various installations. The most simple dedusters are pyleotstoj th chambers and cyclones. Arriving in pyleotstojnuju the chamber dusty air encounters vertical partitions and changes speed and a movement direction. Dust parts thus settle on a bottom of installation and mechanically leave. In pyleotstojnoj to the chamber settles about 50% of large parts of a dust.

The Cyclone represents the cylinder with a cone-shaped bottom, the central by-pass pipe and the horizontal branch pipe bringing dusty air. Air arriving in a cyclone gets rotary movement, dust parts thus at the expense of centrifugal force are rejected to walls and, having lost speed, slide downwards in a conic part of installation from which mechanically leave. Cleared air is thrown out through the central pipe outside. In a cyclone is late about 50% of a dust basically in the form of large parts.

Efficiency of clearing of air raises in multicyclones (batarejnyh cyclones) which consist of a number of small cyclones in diameter 15-20 see Dusty air arrives in the general chamber, and then is distributed on small cyclones. For giving to air of rotary movement in the top part of each small cyclone there are directing blades. The dust detained in each small cyclone, goes through their cone-shaped parts to the dust bunker, and from it leaves mechanically. Cleared air through the central pipes of small cyclones arrives in the top part of installation - the chamber of the cleared gas, and then in atmosphere. In a multicyclone is late to 65-70% of a dust.

Air can be cleared Of the small weighed parts of a dust by means of its dry filtration through porous materials. The device of made of cloth, paper and other filters is based on it. Rukavnyj the filter consists from

The several sleeves made of cloth strengthened in the chamber. Air which is subject to clearing, moves from below and is filtered through sleeves, being released from a dust. Accumulated on an internal surface of sleeves the dust is cleared by automatic stirring.

Now clearing of air by means of wet zoloulovitelej is widely used. Them concern gravijnyj the filter and a hollow scrubber. Gravijnyj the filter represents the chamber in which inclined mesh partitions are located. The gravel irrigated with water through spraying devices is laid on them. Polluted air moves under the filter, passes through a grid with damp gravel and is cleared.

In a scrubber (fig. 5) air arrives from below. Rotary movement therefore air goes to walls on which the water humidifying and grasping particles of a dust flows down is given to it. The scrubber detains about 95% of ashes and a dust and about 30% oksida are grey (IV).

The Most effective is the electrostatic method of clearing of air (gases) (electroclearing) which underlies the electrofilter device. The principle of action of the electrofilter consists that dusty gas goes through a tube which walls are charged positively. Thus dust particles get a negative charge and are drawn to positively charged walls, settling on them. Periodic stirring of installation deletes a dust from a tube in the bunker. At correct operation the electrofilter keeps about 95% of ashes and a small dust.