the Statement the ministry zdavoohranenija sssr
In 1974 on the basis of the sanitary rules confirmed by Ministry of Health of the USSR, actions for improvement and perfection of open disorder dumps for household dust near to cities have been defined, designing and building musoropererabatyvajushchih and musoroszhigajushchih factories is provided.
According to the above-stated document working out of actions for the organisation of gathering, removal and neutralisation of industrial wastes in large cities is conducted.
At XXV congress of the CPSU there was a task in view of more rational use of pesticides and mineral fertilizers. In this connection actions for reduction of losses of pesticides have been developed by their manufacture, transportation, storage and application. Manufacture of the special cars providing transportation of pesticides lost-free, manufacture of pesticides concern them in the form of granules, more active introduction of biological methods of protection of plants, reception of the preparations selectively operating and with low toxicity. Congress has planned also actions for sanitary protection of soil, gathering and removal of a food waste. In this connection in 1977 left ' Estimated indicators of a sanitary condition of soil of the occupied places ' â„– 1739, and in 1981 of-GOST 17 ' soil Protection. Product indicators of a sanitary condition ' and ' Methodical instructions on sanitary-micro-biological researches of soil ' â„– 2293 from 19.02.81, confirmed MZ the USSR. In conformity with ' Rules of the sanitary maintenance of territory of the occupied places ' â„– 1897-78 actions for improvement of gathering of a food waste and their application are developed for needs of animal industries, release of cars and means for sanitary clearing of cities etc. is increased.
XXVI congress of the CPSU has specified in necessity of struggle against erosion of soils, increases of rate of works on rekultivatsii the earths, maintenance of their protection against bogging, zasolenija, drying, work strengthening on safety of agricultural grounds.
In the Basic directions of economic and social development of the USSR for 1986-1990 and for the period till 2000 the task in view to provide rational use of the earths, their protection against wind and water erosion, landslips, floodings, pollution. To strengthen work on improvement of safety of agricultural grounds, creation of field-protecting wood strips.
HYGIENIC AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL VALUE OF CLEARING OF THE OCCUPIED PLACES
In the course of a life and activity of the person various garbage is continuously formed: liquid (a sewage, slops, sewage - household, industrial) and firm (house dust, kitchen garbage, estimates from streets, an industrial waste, corpses of animals etc.). Not cleaned garbage pollutes environment surrounding the person: soil, soil and underground waters, reservoirs, dwelling, court yard, streets, air, foodstuff, are a source of formation of a dust, fetid gases, vyploda flies. In garbage long time there can be eggs gelmintov, activators of various infections. Hence, clearing of the occupied places of garbage is necessary.
Clearing of the occupied places is a complex of according to plan spent actions for gathering, time storage, removal, neutralisation and recycling of garbage. Hygienic value of clearing is very great. At wrong gathering, untimely removal, unsatisfactory neutralisation garbage can become a source of distribution of intestinal infections, the Siberian ulcer, helminthic invazy, etc.
Epidemiological value of clearing of the occupied places increases because garbage serves as a place vyploda the flies playing a known role in distribution of intestinal infections. Besides, in places of a congestion of garbage rodents breed, which also can serve as carriers of some infectious diseases (leptospi-roses, tuljaremija), including especially dangerous (plague). It is necessary to notice also, that garbage being on soil can cause feeling of fastidiousness and disgust.
Correctly organised clearing of the occupied places gives economic benefit. So, the house dust contains secondary raw materials (a paper, rags and so forth), is an energy source, having economic value; food garbage is used in animal industries; a sewage, dust, manure are valuable fertilizer as contain microcells - necessary for agricultural plants phosphorus, kaly, nitrogen, etc.
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