Sanitary protection of reservoirs

Actions for sanitary protection of reservoirs are directed on creation of optimum conditions for reproduction of water resources which can be broken economic activities of the person. Sanitary protection of reservoirs provides actions for sewage treatment, working out and introduction of the technological processes reducing volume of used water, and also the industrial sewage excluding or reducing a harmful waste. Water security actions for working out of ways of removal of polluting impurity concern them from reservoirs, an intensification of processes of self-cleaning of water. Etc.

The Soviet state since first years of the existence has incurred care of protection of reservoirs from pollution: in February, 1919 there was decision VSNH ' About the central Committee vodoohranenija - TSentrvodoohrany '.

In post-war years the Ministerial council of the USSR has accepted the decision ' About measures on liquidation of pollution and sanitary protection of water sources ' (1947) In it requirements to the enterprises using water of open reservoirs, to the design and building organisations, regulating general conditions of dump of sewage in reservoirs have been developed.

In 1960 the new decision ' About measures on streamlining of use and strengthening of protection of water resources of the USSR ' according to which large actions for the prevention of pollution of water resources of the country have been carried out was accepted. The Bases of the water legislation of the Union of the USSR accepted in 1970 and union republics provided maintenance of the most rational use of water resources, the prevention of pollution of water objects, an establishment of the strict control over use and protection of waters.

Now use and protection of waters are regulated GOST 17 ' Hygienic requirements to zones of recreations of water objects ', and also GOST 17 ' Wildlife management. Hydrosphere. Use and protection of waters. The basic terms and definitions '. Besides, the state control over use and protection of waters is carried out by Councils of People's Deputies, Ministry of Land Improvement and Water Conservation of the USSR, Ministry of Fisheries of the USSR, Central administrative board of hydrometeorological service at Ministerial council of the USSR. The decision of the Central Committee of the CPSU accepted in 1972 and Ministerial council of the USSR ' About strengthening of wildlife management and improvement of use of natural resources ' has differentiated duties and the rights of these organisations in area supervised by them.

The Big work on protection of water resources from pollution is spent by Soviet Union together with member countries of Council of Economic Mutual aid (SEV).tak, uniform principles of rationing of quality of water and accordingly maximum permissible concentration of polluting substances in water of open reservoirs have been developed. It has allowed to develop the differentiated approaches to use of superficial waters depending on a water use kind. As a result of SEV has published ' the Unified methods of research of quality of waters ' (1984), allowing all countries to apply uniform methods of the analysis of water and to receive comparable results. Result of the subsequent work of member countries SEV on protection of reservoirs were published in the USSR in 1973 ' the Integrated norms of expenses of water and quantity of sewage on a unit of production for various branches of industrial production '.

Now the decision of a problem of preservation of cleanliness of natural waters is directed on the full termination of dump to reservoirs of all sewage representing health hazard of the population and water organisms. It can be provided by working out and introduction of the closed cycles of water supply in which sewage clearing is made not for its dump in reservoirs, and for preparation for a reuse in technological process. The expense of fresh fresh water is thus reduced also.

Protection of water resources of the country has found the reflexion and in the Basic directions of economic and social development of the USSR for 1986-1990 and for the period till 2000 with which is provided to improve protection of water resources of the country consistently. To finish performance of the basic actions for protection of pools of the Baltic, Caspian, Black and Azov seas. To continue realisation of a complex of measures on protection of reservoirs of the Arctic pool, Central Asia and Kazakhstan, and also on improvement of a condition of the small rivers and water basins. To raise an overall performance of treatment facilities and installations.